hypothetical proposition

[N]

CONEXUM (-I) (N)

CONNEXUM (-I) (N)

- sąd cywilny/karny a civil/criminal court

- sąd pierwszej instancji a court of first instance, a trial court US

- jawna rozprawa sądu a trial in open court

- wyrok/orzeczenie sądu a court sentence/verdict

- dostać wezwanie do sądu to receive a summons a. be summoned to appear in a. at court

- mieć sprawę w sądzie za napad to be in court for robbery

- oddać sprawę do sądu to take one’s/a case to court, to go to court

- podać a. zaskarżyć kogoś do sądu za coś Prawo to sue sb for sth

- pójść z czymś do sądu pot. to bring sth to court

- pozwać kogoś do sądu to take sb to court

- składać zeznanie w sądzie to testify a. give evidence in court

- sprawa/skarga wpłynęła do sądu rejonowego a case/complaint has come up in a. come to a district court

- stawić się w sądzie to appear in court

- wygrać/przegrać sprawę w sądzie to win/lose one’s court case

- posiedzenie sądu court sitting

- skazany przez sąd obradujący za zamkniętymi drzwiami sentenced by a court sitting in camera

- sąd obraduje a. odbywa posiedzenie the court is in session

- sądowi przewodniczył sędzia X the court was presided over by judge X

- sąd postanawia, że… the court rules a. holds that…

- sąd wydał wyrok/oddalił powództwo the court passed a sentence/dismissed a complaint

- Wysoki Sądzie! Your Lordship! GB, Your Honor! US

- skazać/ukarać kogoś bez sądu to convict/punish sb without trial

- odprawiać a. odbywać sąd nad kimś za coś to try sb for sth

- każdy ma prawo do sądu everyone has the right to receive a fair trial

- subiektywny/pochopny/opaczny sąd a subjective/a snap/an impaired judgement

- wydać sąd o kimś/czymś to pronounce judgement on sb/sth

- być ostrożnym w wygłaszaniu a. wypowiadaniu sądów to be careful in making judgements

- wstrzymać się z wydawaniem sądów o czymś to reserve judgement on sth

- utwierdzam się w moich sądach o tej sztuce I’m confirmed in my judgement of the play

- □ sąd administracyjny Prawo administrative court

- sąd apelacyjny Prawo court of appeal GB, appellate court

- sąd arbitrażowy Prawo independent body appointed to settle industrial disputes

- sąd asertoryczny Log. assertion

- sąd asesorski Hist., Prawo ≈ chancery court

- Sąd Boży Hist., Relig. trial by ordeal

- sąd dla nieletnich Prawo juvenile court, youth court GB

- sąd doraźny Prawo summary proceedings, court of summary jurisdiction GB

- sąd grodzki Hist., Prawo (w Polsce międzywojennej) court of first instance; (w dawnej Polsce) law court in a borough

- sąd hipotetyczny Log. hypothetical proposition

- sąd honorowy court of honour GB, court of chivalry GB

- sąd kapturowy Hist., Prawo law court during the interregna in Poland; przen. (nieoficjalny, tajny) kangaroo court

- sąd koleżeński body that arbitrates disputes within a group, staff, or organization

- sąd konieczny Log. necessary judgement

- sąd konsystorski Prawo, Relig. consistory (court)

- Sąd Najwyższy Prawo Supreme Court

- Sąd Ostateczny Relig. the Last a. Final Judgement

- sąd polowy Prawo, Wojsk. court-martial

- sąd polubowny (zespół) panel of arbitrators; (instytucja) court of conciliation (and arbitration); (proces, decyzja) arbitrament

- sąd powszechny Prawo court of general jurisdiction

- sąd pracy Prawo industrial tribunal

- sąd przysięgłych Prawo jury

- sąd rewizyjny Prawo ≈ court of appeal

- sąd rodzinny Prawo Family Division GB, court of domestic relations US, family court US

- sąd skorupkowy Hist. ostracism

- sąd wojenny Prawo, Wojsk. court-martial

- sąd wojewódzki Prawo voivodship court (superior court in an administrative department in Poland)

- sąd wojskowy Prawo, Wojsk. military tribunal GB, military court US

■ ciągać a. włóczyć a. wodzić kogoś po sądach pot., pejor. to repeatedly take sb to court

- iść pod sąd książk. to stand trial

- oddać kogoś pod sąd a. stawić kogoś przed sąd pot. to take sb to court

* * *

συνάπτω,

A join together,

I in physical sense, Χειρὶ Χεῖρα, of dancers, Ar.Th. 955 (lyr.); ξ. καὶ ξυνωρίζου Χέρα, in sign of friendship. E.Ba. 198, cf. IA 832, Pl.Lg. 698d; ἰδού, ξύναψον (sc. τὴν Χεῖρα) E.Ph. 106; but σ. Χεῖρέ τινος ἐν βρόχοις bind them fast, Id.Ba. 615 (troch.), cf. 546 (lyr.); ξ. πόδα, σ. ἴχνος τινί, meet him, Id. Ion 538 (troch.), 663;

πόδα ἐς ταὐτὸν ὁδοῦ Id.Ph.37

; δρόμῳ ς. meet in full career, ib. 1101; ξ. κῶλον τάφῳ approach the grave, Id.Hel. 544;

φόνος ξ. τινὰ γᾷ Id.Ph. 673

(lyr.); ξ. βλέφαρα κόραις close the eyes, Id.Ba. 747; στόμα ς. kiss one, Id.IT 375; κακὰ κακοῖς ς. link misery with misery, Id.HF 1213 (lyr.); κακὰ ξ... τινί link him with misery, Id.Med. 1232; prov., σ. λίνον λίνῳ join thread to thread, i.e. compare things of the same sort, Stratt.38, Pl.Euthd. 298c, Arist.Ph. 207a17, cf. Sch.Pl.l.c.; also δύ' ἐξ ἑνὸς κακὼ ς. E.IT 488, cf. Hipp. 515; κοινὴν ξ. δαῖτα παιδί share with him a common meal, Id. Ion 807 (troch.).

2 metaph. of combination in thought,

σ. αὐτὰ εἰς ἓν τρία ὄντα Pl.R. 588d

;

σ. ἐν τοῖς λόγοις Id.Sph. 252c

;

ἔχουσί τι κοινὸν [αἱ ἀρχαὶ] τὸ συνάπτον αὐτάς Arist.Fr.17

;

εἴ τι σ. ἢ ἀφαιρεῖ ἡ διάνοια Id.Metaph. 1027b32

(

διαιρεῖ Alex.Aphr.

); ἀδύνατα ς. Id.Po.1458a27, cf. Phld.Sto.Herc.339.13;

σ. τὸ γίγνεσθαί θ' ἅμα καὶ τὴν τελευτὴν τοῦ βίου Alex.149.18

; σ. μηχανήν frame a plan, A.Ag. 1609, cf. E.Hel. 1034; σ. ὄναρ εἴς τινα connect it with him, refer it to him, Id.IT[59];

σ. λόγον πρός τι D.60.12

;

πρὸς τὸ ἄκρον οὐ σ. τὸν συλλογισμόν Arist. APr. 69a18

; σ. ἀλλήλοις τό τ' ἐκστάντες καὶ τὸ ὀξέως" take together, Gal.16.547; συνῆψε τὸν λόγον he continues as follows, Id.15.148; but σ. τὸν λόγον, abridge, Theopomp.Com.22: c. acc. et dat., associate with or attribute to,

τί τινι Epicur.Nat.11.9

, Sent.Vat.39, Demetr.Lac.Herc.1055.15, cf. Phld.Sign.20:—[voice] Pass.,

συνάπτεται ἕτερον ἐξ ἄλλου Pl.Sph. 245e

, cf. Phd. 60b (v.l.), Epicur.Ep.2p.37U., Nat.28.11; of the words of a sentence,

συνάπτεσθαι ἀλλήλοις Gal. 16.546

.

II with regard to persons,

1 in hostile sense, σ. τὰ στρατόπεδα εἰς μάχην bring them into action, Hdt.5.75; ἐλπὶς.. ἣ πολλὰς πόλεις συνῆψε has engaged them in conflict, E.Supp. 480; so συνῆψε πάντας ἐς μίαν βλάβην involved them in.., Id.Ba. 1303; for S.Aj. 1317, v. συλλύω 11.

b σ. μάχην join battle, Hdt.6.108;

στρατεύματι A.Pers. 336

, cf. E.Heracl. 808;

σ. πόλεμον πρός τινας Th. 6.13

;

συνάψαι πόλεμον Ἕλλησιν μέγαν E.Hel.55

, cf. Hdt.1.18;

τοῖς σοφοῖς εὐκτὸν σοφῷ ἔχθραν συνάπτειν Id.Heracl.459

;

σ. ἀλκήν Id.Supp.683

; also (without μάχην), engage, Hdt.4.80, cf. Ar.Ach. 686 (troch.);

σ. συνάψεις LXX 4 Ki.10.34

;

σ. φασγάνων ἀκμάς E.Or. 1482

(lyr.);

ἔγχη Id.Ph. 1192

; οὐκ εὐθὺς συνῆψε τὰς ἀπορίας has not immediately rejoined by stating the difficulties, Procl. in Prm.p.533 S.: abs., approach, make contact, Plu.Tim.25:—[voice] Pass.,

μοι πρός τινας νεῖκος συνῆπτο Hdt.7.158

, cf. 6.94.

2 in friendly sense, σ. ἑαυτὸν εἰς λόγους τινί enter into conversation with him, Ar.Lys. 468 (cf. infr. B.11.1);

φιλία σ. τοὺς καλούς τε κἀγαθούς X.Mem.2.6.22

:—[voice] Pass., παλλακαῖς συνημμένος, of Aristotle, App.Anth.5.11.

b c. acc. rei,

σ. μῦθον E.Supp. 566

;

σ. ὅρκους Id.Ph. 1241

;

κοινωνίαν X.Lac.6.3

;

φιλίαν πρός τινα D.H.19.13

, cf. 2.30; freq. in E., σ. τινὶ γάμους, λέκτρα, κῆδος, form an alliance by marriage, Ph. 1049 (lyr.), 49, Andr. 620, etc.;

γένναν Id.Fr. 558

;

τὸν ἔρωτα τῇ κούρῃ Aret.SD1.5

:—in [voice] Med., κῆδος ξυνάψασθαι τῆς θυγατρός get one's daughter married, Th. 2.29:—[voice] Pass.,

οἱ γάμοι συνήφθησαν PLips.41.7

(iv A.D.);

ᾧ συνήφθην ἐκ παρθενίας PSI1.41.5

(iv A.D.); συναφθεῖσά μοι ὡς γαμετή,.. συνήφθην σοι πρὸς γάμου καὶ βίου κοινωνίαν, PMasp.153.5,8 (iv A.D.);

μὴ πρὸς γάμον ἡ παῖς καὶ ἑτέρῳ τινὶ συναφθείη Chor. p.227

B.

III Math., esp. in [tense] pf. [voice] Pass., ὁ λόγος συνῆπται ἔκ τε τοῦ.. καὶ τοῦ.. the ratio is compounded of.., Archim.Sph.Cyl.2.4, al.; ἀναλογία συνημμένη continued proportion (cf.

συνεχής 1.3

), Nicom.Ar.2.21; συνημμένη μεσότης geometric mean, ibid.

2 in Music, συνημμένα τετράχορδα conjunct tetrachords, Plu.2.1029a; ἡ συνημμένων νήτη ib. 1137c.

3 in Logic, συνημμένον ἀξίωμα or τὸ σ., hypothetical proposition as premiss in a syllogism. Chrysipp.Stoic.2.68, Phld.Sign.32, S.E.M.8.109, Gell.16.8.9: pl., Plu.2.43c, Procl. in Prm. p.533 S.; κοῖα συνῆπται; what conclusion follows? Call.Fr.70.3:—cf.

συνάρτησις 11

.

B intr.:

I in local sense, border on, lie next to,

τὸ πεδίον τοῦτο συνάπτει τῷ Αἰγυπτίῳ πεδίῳ Hdt.2.75

;

Τήνῳ συνάπτουσ' Ἄνδρος A.Pers. 885

(lyr.); γεώλοφοι συνάπτοντες [ τῷ ποταμῷ] reaching to.., Plb.3.67.9;

ἐὰν διώρυγες συνάπτωσι τοῖς Χώμασι PLille 1v

.7 (iii B.C.); [

τῆς τραχείας ἀρτηρίας] τὸ συνάπτον τῷ στόματι πέρας Gal.6.421

; ποταμοῦ στόμα συνάπτον θαλάττῃ ib.712;

αὗται μὲν σ., αἱ δ' ἄλλαι ἀσύναπτοι Arist.HA 516a30

; δύο πόροι εἰς ἓν ς. ib. 508a13; τὰ βράγχια σ. ἀλλήλοις ib. 507a5; ἡ κοιλία σ. πρὸς τὸ στόμα ib. 507a28; of the sides of a cone,

πρὸς μίαν κορυφὴν συνάπτειν Thphr.Vert.4

.

2 of Time, to be nigh at hand,

ὥρα συνάπτει Pi.P.4.247

;

σ. πρὸς τὸν Χειμῶνα Hp.Aph.2.25

;

συνάψαντος τοῦ Χρόνου Plb.2.2.8

;

συνάψαντος τοῦ καιροῦ Id.6.36.1

, etc.

3 metaph., σ. ἐν αὐτῇ πάνθ' ὅσα δεῖ τοῖς φίλοις ὑπάρχειν meet together, Arist.EN 1156b18; οὐ σ. [ αὗται αἱ φιλίαι] do not combine, ib. 1157a34; to be connected with, τῷ γένει αἱ ἰδέαι ς. Id.Metaph. 1042a15;

σ. πρός τι Id.Pol. 1276a7

, Cat. 4b26, APr. 41a1; attach, Id.HA 580a15; λύπη σ. [ τῷ θεραπεύειν] E.Hipp. 187 (anap.), cf. Chrysipp.Stoic.2.174; ὁ πόνος ὁ ὑπερβάλλων συνάψει θανάτῳ will border upon death, Epicur.Fr. 448; σ. εἴς τι have reference to, Thphr.CP6.1.2.

II of persons, ξ. λόγοισιν enter into conversation, S.El.21;

ἐς λόγους σ. τινί E.Ph. 702

; σ. εἰς Χορεύματα join the dance, Id.Ba. 133 (lyr.); ἐς Χεῖρα γῇ come close to land, Id.Heracl. 429; σ. εἰς τὸν καιρόν come in just at the right time, Plb.3.19.2; σ. τοῖς ἄκροις reach, them, Id.3.93.5, etc.;

σ. εἰς Σελεύκειαν Id.5.66.4

;

πρὸς τὴν παρεμβολήν Id.3.53.10

, etc.

2 τύχα ποδὸς ξυνάπτει (s.v.l., - πτοι Murray) μοι, i.e. I have come fortunately, E.Supp. 1014 (lyr.).

3 Astrol., of a heavenly body, to be in conjunction ([etym.] συναφή) with another, Nech. ap. Vett.Val.280.2, Ptol.Tetr.52, PMag. Leid.W.24.15, Man.2.452, Paul.Al.H.1.

C [voice] Med., unite for oneself and so form,

φιλίαν D.S.13.32

;

κῆδος D.C.41.57

; v.supr.A.11.2b.

2 to be next to, connected with, τινι X. Oec.5.3.

3 lay hold of,

τοῦ καιροῦ Plb.15.28.8

.

4 take part with one, assist, τινι E.Hel. 1444: abs., A.Pers. 742 (troch.); τινος in a thing, ib. 724 (troch.), S.Fr. 874.

5 bring upon oneself,

πληγάς D.40.32

.

ἀνανταπό-δοτος, ον,

A without apodosis: τὸ ἀ. hypothetical proposition wanting the consequent clause, Sch.Ar.Pl. 469.

* * *

hypothetical, hypothetic, conjectural; sąd hipotetyczny log. hypothetical l. conditional proposition.

πρότᾰσις, εως, ἡ, ([etym.] προτείνω)

A putting forward: in concrete sense, that which is put forward; hence,

1 in Logic, proposition, π.

ἐστι λόγος καταφατικὸς ἢ ἀποφατικός τινος κατά τινος Arist.APr. 24a16

: esp. premiss of a syllogism, ἐκ δύο προτάσεων [πᾶς συλλογισμός] ib. 42a32; ἡ ἑτέρα, ἡ τελευταία π., the minor premiss, Id.EN 1143b3, 1147b9; = ἀξίωμα, Plu.2.1009c, al.

b Math., enunciation of a proposition, Autol.2.6, al., Archim.Sph.Cyl. 2Praef.. (pl.), Eratosth. Praef. (pl.), Dioph. 1 Def.11 (pl.), Procl.in Ti.2.190d.

2 Gramm., hypothetical clause of a sentence, answered by the ἀπόδοσις, D.L.3.52.

3 question proposed, problem, Sor.1.27, Plu.2.736e, Ath.6.234c, etc.

4 the earlier part of a dramatic poem. opp. ἐπίτασις (in which the action begins) and καταστροφή, Donat. in CGFp.69 K.

5 proposal, Milet.7.67 (perh. i B.C.), PMonac.6.80 (vi A.D.): pl., proposals for peace, App.Mac.9.3.

II stretching out, 'urge', αἱ τοῦ πάθους π. Plot.4.4.44.

sīc-ut and (far less. freq. but class.) sīc-ŭti, adv., so as, just as, as.

Lit.

With a separate clause.

Form sicut:

sicut dixi, faciam,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 59:

clanculum, sicut praecepi,

id. ib. 3, 3, 76:

nempe sicut dicis (shortly after: ita ut dicis),

id. Aul. 2, 4, 15; so,

sicut dicis,

id. Bacch. 4, 4, 67; id. Men. prol. 74:

hae sunt, sicut praedico,

id. Most. 3, 2, 84; cf. id. Bacch. 3, 6, 20:

stultitia magna est, Hominem amatorem ad forum procedere, etc.... sicut ego feci stultus,

id. Cas. 3, 3, 4:

si ille huc redibit, sicut confido affore,

id. Capt. 3, 5, 38:

sic ut tu huic potes,

id. ib. 5, 1, 16:

primum Montem Sacrum, sicut erat in simili causā antea factum, deinde Aventinum (occupasse),

Cic. Rep. 2, 37, 63; 6, 18, 19:

sicut ait Ennius,

id. ib. 1, 41, 64; cf.:

sicut sapiens poëta dixit,

id. Par. 5, 1, 34:

ut se quoque, sicut socios, dignos existimetis,

id. Imp. Pomp. 5, 13:

valeant preces apud te meae, sicut pro te hodie valuerunt,

Liv. 23, 8:

consules turpissimi, sicut hi recentes rerum exitus declararunt,

Cic. Planc. 35, 86:

sicut summarum summa est aeterna,

Lucr. 5, 361:

sicut Cicero dicit,

Quint. 9, 3, 83:

sicut ostendimus,

id. 11, 3, 174 al. —

Form sicuti:

sicuti dixi prius,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 67:

habuit ille, sicuti meminisse vos arbitror, permulta signa,

Cic. Cael. 5, 12:

sicuti me quoque erroris mei paenitet,

id. ib. 6, 14:

urbem Romam, sicuti ego accepi, condidere atque habuere initio Trojani,

Sall. C. 6, 1:

sicuti dignum erat,

Quint. 11, 3, 148.—

Corresp. to ita, itidem, sic.

Form sicut:

sicut tuom vis gnatum tuae Superesse vitae, Ita te obtestor, etc.,

Plaut. As. 1, 1, 1: sicut verbis nuncupavi, ita pro republicā Quiritium... legiones mecum Dis Manibus devoveo, an old formula in Liv. 8, 9:

sicut coronatus laureā coronā oraculum adisset, ita, etc.,

id. 23, 11; 21, 13; Quint. 1, 2, 26; 9, 1, 8; 9, 3, 100;

10, 1, 1: sicut medico diligenti natura corporis cognoscenda est, sic equidem, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 2, 44, 186:

sicut magno accidit casu, ut, etc.... sic magnae fuit fortunae, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 6, 30:

sicuti merci pretium statuit... Itidem divos dispertisse vitam humanam aequom fuit,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 131.—

Form sicuti:

sicuti... ita,

Caes. B. C. 3, 15; cf. infra, B. b.—

Without a separate verb (so most freq.).

Form sicut:

sicut fortunatorum memorant insulas (is est ager),

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 148:

sicut familiae,

id. Men. prol. 74; id. Cas. 2, 6, 46: te esse sapientem, nec sicut vulgus, sed ut eruditi solent appellare sapientem, Cic. Lael. 2, 6:

Graeciae, sicut apud nos, delubra magnifica,

id. Rep. 3, 9, 14:

non debent esse amicitiarum sicut aliarum rerum satietates,

id. Lael. 19, 67:

ut tuo judicio uteretur, sicut in rebus omnibus,

id. Ep. ad Brut. 1, 5, 3; id. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:

provinciam suam hanc esse Galliam, sicut illam nostram,

Caes. B. G. 1, 44; 6, 19:

nihil me, sicut antea, juvat Scribere versiculos,

Hor. Epod. 11, 1 et saep.:

hunc, sicut omni vitā, tum petentem premebat nobilitas,

Liv. 39, 41; 34, 9, 10:

nec sicut vulnere sanguis,

Luc. 3, 638 Drak. N. cr. —

Form sicuti:

me amicissime cottidie magis Caesar amplectitur: familiares quidem ejus, sicuti neminem,

Cic. Fam. 6, 6, 13: sicuti te, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 174, 33.—

Corresp. to ita, item, sic, etc. (cf. supra, A. b.):

praecipuum lumen sicut eloquentiae, ita praeceptis quoque ejus, dedit M. Tullius,

Quint. 3, 1, 20; so id. 8, prooem. § 29; 9, 1, 18;

10, 1, 14: sicut in foro non bonos oratores, item in theatro actores malos perpeti,

Cic. de Or. 1, 26, 118:

illi, sicut Campani Capuam, sic Rhegium habituri perpetuam sedem erant,

Liv. 28, 28:

sicut in vitā, in causis quoque,

Quint. 12, 1, 13; cf. Liv. 9, 17 Drak. N. cr. —

In partic.

With an accessory idea of cause, inasmuch as, since (perh. only in the two foll. passages):

nunc occasio'st faciundi, prius quam in urbem advenerit, sicut cras hic aderit, hodie non venerit,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 87:

quo lubet, sicut soror Ejus huc gemina advenit Ephesum,

id. Mil. 4, 1, 28 Brix ad loc.; cf. id. Pers. 1, 3, 57.—

Pregn.: sicut est, erat, etc., in confirmation of a former proposition, as indeed it is ( was), as it really is ( was), as is ( was) the fact (class.;

a favorite expression with Cic.): sint nobis isti, qui de ratione vivendi disserunt, magni homines, ut sunt,

Cic. Rep. 3, 3, 4:

huc accedit, quod, quamvis ille felix sit, sicut est, tamen, etc.,

id. Rosc. Am. 8, 22:

sit ista res magna, sicut est,

id. Leg. 1, 5, 17; Liv. 7, 35:

sit licet, sicut est, ab omni ambitione longe remotus,

Plin. Ep. 5, 15, 2:

illa, quamvis ridicula essent, sicut erant, mihi tamen risum non moverunt,

Cic. Fam. 7, 32, 3:

secundam eam Paulus, sicut erat, victoriam ratus,

Liv. 45, 7:

poteratque viri vox illa videri, sicuti erat,

Ov. M. 12, 205:

quamvis scelerati illi fuissent, sicuti fuerunt, pestiferi cives tamen, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 230.—Less freq. with other verbs:

quamvis enim multis locis dicat Epicurus, sicut dicit, satis fortiter de dolore, tamen, etc.,

Cic. Off. 3, 33, 117 Beier:

quamquam in consuetudine cottidianā perspexisses, sicuti perspicies,

id. Fam. 3, 10, 2:

quod fore, sicut accidit, videbat,

Caes. B. G. 5, 58:

terrendi magis hostes erant quam fallendi, sicut territi sunt,

Liv. 25, 24.— Strengthened by re verā:

apud nos, re verā sicut sunt, mercenarii scribae existimantur,

Nep. Eum. 1, 5.—

For introducing a term of comparison, as it were, like, as, as if, = tamquam (class.):

ut sese splendore animi et vitae suae sicut speculum praebeat civibus,

Cic. Rep. 2, 42, 69:

qui, sicut unus paterfamilias, loquor,

id. Inv. 2, 5, 19:

quod me sicut alterum parentem et observat et diligit,

id. Fam. 5, 8, 4:

(natura) rationem in capite sicut in arce posuit,

id. Tusc. 1, 10, 20; id. de Or. 1, 29, 132:

ex his duabus diversis sicuti familiis unum quoddam est conflatum genus,

id. Inv. 2, 3, 8:

ab ejus (cornus) summo, sicut palmae, rami quam late diffunduntur,

Caes. B. G. 6, 26 fin.:

multi mortales vitam sicut peregrinantes transegere,

Sall. C. 2, 8; 31, 5; 38, 3; id. J. 60, 4; Liv. 7, 11.—

For introducing an example, as, as for instance, etc. (class.):

quibus in causis omnibus, sicut in ipsā M.' Curii... fuit summa de jure dissensio,

Cic. de Or. 1, 56, 238; Nep. Dat. 9:

omnibus periculis, sicut cum Spartam oppugnavit,

id. Pel. 4: sicuti cum, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 154, 27: sicuti si, Enn. ap. Gell. 3, 14, 5 (Ann. v. 344 Vahl.); Quint. 9, 3, 89; so id. 9, 3, 16; 9, 3, 91; 7, 2, 17; 8, 3, 51; Suet. Aug. 56; 85 al.—

Sicut eram, erat, etc., like the Gr. hôs eichon, to denote an unchanged condition of the subject in a new state of action, just as I ( he, etc.) was ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

sicut eram, fugio sine vestibus,

Ov. M. 5, 601; 6, 657:

sicut erat, rectos defert in Tartara currus,

Stat. Th. 7, 820; so, sicut erat, id. ib. 3, 680; 4, 803; 10, 37; Luc. 2, 365:

ille, sicut nudatus erat, pervenit ad Graecos,

Curt. 9, 7, 10; 10, 4, 2:

sicut erat togatus,

Suet. Claud. 34; Just. 14, 4, 1; 26, 2, 4 al.:

sicut erant,

Ov. M. 3, 178; Suet. Calig. 45; id. Oth. 8:

sicut erit,

Tib. 3, 1, 18.—Less freq. with another verb:

sicut curru eminebat, oculos circumferens,

Curt. 4, 14, 9:

praecipitatum in flumen, sicut vestitus advenerat,

Suet. Claud. 9.—Form sicuti:

sicuti erat, cruentā veste, in castra pervenit,

Curt. 8, 3, 10 —

A few times in Sallust with an accessory hypothetical signif., as if, just as if, = quasi:

alii sicuti populi jura defenderent, pars, etc.,

Sall. C. 38, 3:

sicuti jurgio lacessitus foret, in Senatum venit,

id. ib. 31, 5:

sicuti audiri a suis aut cerni possent, etc.,

id. J. 60, 4:

sicuti salutatum introire ad Ciceronem,

id. C. 28, 1.—

Of time, as soon as, after (very rare):

sicut adulescit, terram inde colligimus,

Pall. Apr. 2, 3.

vĕl-ut or vĕl-ŭti, adv. (cf. vel, II.), even as, just as, like as.

Correl., with a foll. sic or ita (very rare).

In gen.:

velut in cantu et fidibus, sic ex corporis totius naturā et figurā varios motus ciere,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 10, 20 (al. vel ut):

cum velut Sagunti excidium Hannibali, sic, etc.,

Liv. 31, 18, 9:

velut per fistulam, ita per apertam vitis medullam umor trahitur,

Col. 3, 18, 5.—

In partic., to introduce comparisons: veluti Consul, cum, etc.... sic exspectabat populus, etc., Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 87 Vahl.):

ac veluti magno in populo cum saepe coorta est Seditio... Sic, etc.,

Verg. A. 1 148; v. infra, II. B. 2., and atque, II. 4.—

In gen.:

studeo hunc lenonem perdere, velut meum erum macerat,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 1, 2:

cum repente instructas velut in acie certo gradulegiones accedere Galli viderent,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 9:

ne vitam silentio transeant veluti pecora, quae, etc.,

Sall. C. 1, 1:

veluti qui sentibus anguem Pressit,

Verg. A. 2, 379. —With abl. absol.:

cum velut inter pugnae fugaeque consilium trepidante equitatu,

Liv. 1, 14, 8 Weissenb. ad loc.; cf. id. 1, 31, 3; 1, 29, 4; 1, 53, 5; 2, 12, 13.—

In partic.

To connect, by way of example, a single instance with an established general proposition, as, for instance, for example:

hoc est incepta efficere pulchre, veluti mihi Evenit, ut ovans praedā onustus incederem,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 145; id. Rud. 3, 1, 4; id. Merc. 2, 1, 3; cf. id. Aul. 3, 4, 3; id. Curc. 5, 3, 4; id. Truc. 2, 1, 35; 2, 7, 19:

numquam tam male est Siculis, quin aliquid facete et commode dicant: veluti in hac re aiebant, In labores Herculis, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 44, § 95:

ut illi dubia quaedam res... probetur: velut apud Socraticum Aeschinem demonstrat Socrates, etc.,

id. Inv. 1, 31, 51:

est etiam admiratio nonnulla in bestiis aquatilibus iis, quae gignuntur in terrā. Veluti crocodili, etc.,

id. N. D. 2, 48, 124; id. Fin. 2, 35, 116; cf.:

multa conjecta sunt aliud alio tempore, velut hoc, etc.,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 7, § 23:

velut in hac quaestione plerique dixerunt,

id. N. D. 1, 1, 2:

velut iste chorus virtutum in eculeum inpositus imagines constituit,

id. Tusc. 5, 5, 13:

aliae quoque artes minores habent multiplicem materiam, velut architectonice,

Quint. 2, 21, 8:

sermonibus ejus fruebar, veluti fuit illa sermocinatio,

Gell. 19, 8, 1.—

To introduce a comparison or figurative expression, as, like, as it were: concurrunt veluti venti, cum spiritus Austri, etc., Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Ann. v. 423 Vahl.); 6, 3 (ib. v. 431 ib.):

frena dabat Sipylus, veluti cum, etc.,

Ov. M. 6, 231:

migrantes cernas totāque ex urbe ruentes, Ac, veluti ingentem formicae farris acervum Cum populant, etc.,

Verg. A. 4, 402; cf.

supra, I. B.: hic velut hereditate relictum odium paternum conservavit, etc.,

Nep. Hann. 1, 3:

quoddam simplex orationis condimentum, quod sentitur latente judicio velut palato,

Quint. 6, 3, 19:

ducetur rerum ipsā serie velut duce,

id. 10, 7, 6: haec velut sagina dicendi, id. 10, 5, 17:

inaequalia tantum et velut confragosa,

id. 8, 5, 29:

haec est velut imperatoria virtus,

id. 7, 10, 13.—

To introduce a hypothetical comparative clause, just as if, just as though, as if, as though.

Usually velut si:

absentis Ariovisti crudelitatem, velut si coram adesset, horrerent,

Caes. B. G. 1, 32:

tantus patres metus de summā rerum cepit, velut si jam ad portas hostis esset,

Liv. 21, 16, 2; Quint. 2, 13, 1:

velut si urbem adgressurus Scipio foret, ita, etc.,

Liv. 29, 28, 9:

facies inducitur illis (corporibus mixtis) Una, velut si quis, etc.,

Ov. M. 4, 375.—

Sometimes, in this sense, velut alone:

saepe, velut gemmas ejus signumque probarem, Per causam memini me tetigisse manum,

Tib. 1, 6, 25 (21); Ov. M. 4, 596:

velut ea res nihil ad religionem pertinuisset,

Liv. 2, 36, 1:

velut abundarent omnia,

id. 2, 41, 9:

me quoque juvat, velut ipse in parte laboris ac periculi fuerim, ad finem pervenisse, etc.,

id. 31, 1, 1 Weissenb. ad loc.

vĕl-ut or vĕl-ŭti, adv. (cf. vel, II.), even as, just as, like as.

Correl., with a foll. sic or ita (very rare).

In gen.:

velut in cantu et fidibus, sic ex corporis totius naturā et figurā varios motus ciere,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 10, 20 (al. vel ut):

cum velut Sagunti excidium Hannibali, sic, etc.,

Liv. 31, 18, 9:

velut per fistulam, ita per apertam vitis medullam umor trahitur,

Col. 3, 18, 5.—

In partic., to introduce comparisons: veluti Consul, cum, etc.... sic exspectabat populus, etc., Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 87 Vahl.):

ac veluti magno in populo cum saepe coorta est Seditio... Sic, etc.,

Verg. A. 1 148; v. infra, II. B. 2., and atque, II. 4.—

In gen.:

studeo hunc lenonem perdere, velut meum erum macerat,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 1, 2:

cum repente instructas velut in acie certo gradulegiones accedere Galli viderent,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 9:

ne vitam silentio transeant veluti pecora, quae, etc.,

Sall. C. 1, 1:

veluti qui sentibus anguem Pressit,

Verg. A. 2, 379. —With abl. absol.:

cum velut inter pugnae fugaeque consilium trepidante equitatu,

Liv. 1, 14, 8 Weissenb. ad loc.; cf. id. 1, 31, 3; 1, 29, 4; 1, 53, 5; 2, 12, 13.—

In partic.

To connect, by way of example, a single instance with an established general proposition, as, for instance, for example:

hoc est incepta efficere pulchre, veluti mihi Evenit, ut ovans praedā onustus incederem,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 145; id. Rud. 3, 1, 4; id. Merc. 2, 1, 3; cf. id. Aul. 3, 4, 3; id. Curc. 5, 3, 4; id. Truc. 2, 1, 35; 2, 7, 19:

numquam tam male est Siculis, quin aliquid facete et commode dicant: veluti in hac re aiebant, In labores Herculis, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 44, § 95:

ut illi dubia quaedam res... probetur: velut apud Socraticum Aeschinem demonstrat Socrates, etc.,

id. Inv. 1, 31, 51:

est etiam admiratio nonnulla in bestiis aquatilibus iis, quae gignuntur in terrā. Veluti crocodili, etc.,

id. N. D. 2, 48, 124; id. Fin. 2, 35, 116; cf.:

multa conjecta sunt aliud alio tempore, velut hoc, etc.,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 7, § 23:

velut in hac quaestione plerique dixerunt,

id. N. D. 1, 1, 2:

velut iste chorus virtutum in eculeum inpositus imagines constituit,

id. Tusc. 5, 5, 13:

aliae quoque artes minores habent multiplicem materiam, velut architectonice,

Quint. 2, 21, 8:

sermonibus ejus fruebar, veluti fuit illa sermocinatio,

Gell. 19, 8, 1.—

To introduce a comparison or figurative expression, as, like, as it were: concurrunt veluti venti, cum spiritus Austri, etc., Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Ann. v. 423 Vahl.); 6, 3 (ib. v. 431 ib.):

frena dabat Sipylus, veluti cum, etc.,

Ov. M. 6, 231:

migrantes cernas totāque ex urbe ruentes, Ac, veluti ingentem formicae farris acervum Cum populant, etc.,

Verg. A. 4, 402; cf.

supra, I. B.: hic velut hereditate relictum odium paternum conservavit, etc.,

Nep. Hann. 1, 3:

quoddam simplex orationis condimentum, quod sentitur latente judicio velut palato,

Quint. 6, 3, 19:

ducetur rerum ipsā serie velut duce,

id. 10, 7, 6: haec velut sagina dicendi, id. 10, 5, 17:

inaequalia tantum et velut confragosa,

id. 8, 5, 29:

haec est velut imperatoria virtus,

id. 7, 10, 13.—

To introduce a hypothetical comparative clause, just as if, just as though, as if, as though.

Usually velut si:

absentis Ariovisti crudelitatem, velut si coram adesset, horrerent,

Caes. B. G. 1, 32:

tantus patres metus de summā rerum cepit, velut si jam ad portas hostis esset,

Liv. 21, 16, 2; Quint. 2, 13, 1:

velut si urbem adgressurus Scipio foret, ita, etc.,

Liv. 29, 28, 9:

facies inducitur illis (corporibus mixtis) Una, velut si quis, etc.,

Ov. M. 4, 375.—

Sometimes, in this sense, velut alone:

saepe, velut gemmas ejus signumque probarem, Per causam memini me tetigisse manum,

Tib. 1, 6, 25 (21); Ov. M. 4, 596:

velut ea res nihil ad religionem pertinuisset,

Liv. 2, 36, 1:

velut abundarent omnia,

id. 2, 41, 9:

me quoque juvat, velut ipse in parte laboris ac periculi fuerim, ad finem pervenisse, etc.,

id. 31, 1, 1 Weissenb. ad loc.

μεταλαμβάνω, [tense] fut. -

A

λήψομαι Th.6.18

:— have or get a share of, partake of, c. gen. rei, ληΐης, καμάτου, μιαρίας, Hdt.4.64, Pi.N.10.79, Antipho 3.3.12;

ἀμείνονος μοίρας Pl.Phdr. 248e

;

τροφῆς Act.Ap.2.46

, etc.:—[voice] Med., μεταλαμβάνεσθαί τινος lay claim to,

τοῦ οὐνόματος Hdt. 4.45

.

2 with the part received added in acc.,

Ἄρεως μοῖραν μ. E. Ba. 302

;

τὸ πέμπτον μέρος τῶν ψήφων Pl.Ap. 36b

, D.18.266, etc.;

μ. τῶν τῆς ἀρετῆς μορίων οἱ μὲν ἄλλο οἱ δὲ ἄλλο Pl.Prt. 329e

.

3 c. acc. rei,

ἢν μὴ μεταλάβῃ τοὐπίπεμπτον Ar.Fr. 201

;

δικαστῶν τοσούτων οὐ δὲ διακοσίας ψήφους μ. And.1.17

.

4 in Platonic Philos., c. gen. rei, participate in the universal,

ἤτοι ὅλου τοῦ εἴδους ἢ μέρους μ. Pl.Prm. 131a

.

5 c. gen. pers., have part in, share his society, X.Cyr.7.5.51; go shares with another,

ὡς ἐμοῦ τι κεκλοφότος ζητεῖς μεταλαβεῖν Ar.Pl. 370

.

6 receive notice or information, Mitteis Chr. 31 ii 2 (ii B. C.): c. acc. et inf., PTeb.40.7 (ii B. C.), LXX 2 Ma.4.21: c. acc. et part., μ. πολιορκοῦντά τινα ib.11.6; μ. διότι .. Aristeas 316:—[voice] Pass., to be cited, = Lat. recitari,

ἐκ διπτύχων SIG827

B 1 (Delph., ii A. D.).

7 understand,

φωνάς Philostr. VA1.19

.

II receive in succession or afterwards, [ χαλινόν] X.Eq.10.6; [

ἱμάτιον] θάτερον Eup.159.6

;

πλοῦτον ἕτερον Philem.201

; occupy a position left by the enemy, Plb.10.40.11, etc.; μ. τὴν ἀρχήν succeed to the government, Id.5.40.6, cf. PTeb.79.49 (ii B. C.); μ. τὸν λόγον take up the discourse, i. e. answer, Plb.18.2.2; μ. alone, Id.10.38.1, etc.; οἱ παρά τινος -λημψόμενοι his successors in title, PTeb.294.18 (ii A. D.), etc.;

ἐκ διαδοχῆς μ. τὸ ἱερόν Stud.Pal.22.184.95

(ii A. D.).

2 abs., come after, come on,

ἅμα τῷ μεταλαβεῖν τὸ τῆς νυκτός Plb.15.30.2

.

III take instead, take in exchange, substitute,

πόλεμον ἀντ' εἰρήνης Th.1.120

;

ἄλλο ὄνομα ἀντὶ τῆς ἡδονῆς Pl.Prt. 355c

; διαναπαύσωμεν αὐτὸν μεταλαβόντες αὐτοῦ τὸν συγγυμναστήν; Id.Plt. 257c;

τὰ ὄργανα τἀλλήλων Id.R. 434a

, cf. b; μ. τὰ ἐπιτηδεύματα ἐς τὸ ὁμοῖον adopt new customs so as to resemble others, Th.6.18, cf. Pl.Prt. 356d; ἱμάτια, ἐσθῆτας μ., X.Cyr.4.5.4, Plb.3.78.3; μ. παλτόν take another javelin, X.Eq.12.13: c. inf.,

ἀντὶ τοῦ αἰεὶ φυλάσσεσθαι.. [τὸ] ἀντεπιβουλεῦσαι μ. Th.6.87

.

IV [voice] Pass., to be changed, Sor.2.9, Olymp. in Mete.36.19.

2 Medic., of humours, blood, to be transferred, conveyed,

ὑπὸ δηχθέντος Ruf.Fr.118

, cf. Sor.2.7.

3 Gramm., to be changed, altered, εἰς .. A.D.Synt.107.2; also, of words, have their construction altered, εἰς .. Id.Pron.15.11, al.; but μ. ἐκ .. to be used in place of, Id.Synt.195.14, al.

V take words in another sense,

τὰ πράγματα τοῖς ὀνόμασι μ. Hld.9.9

, cf. Them. in de An.18.35; parody, Ath.8.336f ([voice] Pass.).

2 translate, interpret, Ph.1.480 ([voice] Pass.).

VI in the Logic of Arist., τὸ μεταλαμβανόμενον proposition substituted for the original thesis in hypothetical reasoning, APr. 41a39.

μετά-ληψις, εως, ἡ,

A participation, Pl.Prm. 131a; λόγων in philosophy, Id.R. 539d;

γένεσις μ. οὐσίας Id.Def. 411a

; γίνεσθαι κατὰ τὴν μ. [τοῦ εἴδους] Arist.GC 335b14, cf. Metaph. 1072b20, etc.; partaking of food, 1 Ep.Ti.4.3.

2 concurrence, POxy.1273.39 (iii A. D.), etc.

3 Gramm., τὸ λέγων μ. ἐνεστῶτος καὶ παρατατικοῦ is shared by.., A.D.Adv.124.1.

II alternation,

τῶν λόγων Pl.Tht. 173b

;

αἱ μ. τοῦ σχήματος Plb.9.20.2

;

ἐκ μεταλήψεως Id.2.33.4

.

2 succession,

μ. τῆς ἀρχῆς Id.31.13.3

.

3 taking one thing instead of another,

ἡ ἀντὶ τοῦ μείζονος ἐλάττονος μ. Arist.Rh. 1369b25

.

4 Rhet., use of one word for another, as of Ἥφαιστος for πῦρ, Quint.8.6.37, Trypho Trop.5, etc.; transference of meaning, Eust.79.12.

5 objection, counterplea, Sch.Pl.Euthphr.4d; esp. concurrence coupled with objection, Syrian. in Hermog.2.153 R., Corn. Rh.p.391 H.

6 συλλογισμοὶ κατὰ μετάληψιν hypothetical syllogisms involving the substitution of a proposition for the original thesis, Arist.APr. 45b17; cf. μεταλαμβάνω VI.

7 Gramm., change of construction, A.D.Synt.210.3; change in dialect, ib.335.1; change of name, Demetr.Lac.Herc.1014.60.

8 translation, rendering, Eust. ad D.P.180; ἡ εἰς τὸ Ἑλληνικὸν μ. Id.ib. 294.

9 transference,

αἱ ἐς νεφροὺς καὶ κύστιας -λήψιες Aret.SD1.9

.

10 κατὰ μετάληψιν κατατεῖναι, of reflex tension over a pulley (cf.

μεταληπτικός 11

), Heliod. ap. Orib.48.9.25.